{"id":22574,"date":"2026-05-27T19:21:37","date_gmt":"2026-05-27T16:21:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modelist-konstruktor.com\/ua\/?p=22574"},"modified":"2026-05-27T19:21:37","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T16:21:37","slug":"kukhonni-pidvisky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/modelist-konstruktor.com\/ua\/kukhonni-pidvisky","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456. \u041d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0410 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0449\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0434\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0456 \u0439 \u00ab\u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u044e\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u0456\u0434 \u0456\u0437 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u0457 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0437 \u0433\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044c. \u041f\u0456\u0434\u0445\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0456\u043d\u0456\u0446\u0456\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u044f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0454 \u0446\u0456\u043b\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0456\u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0429\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0437\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e. \u0422\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043d\u0438, \u044f\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0430\u0445\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u044e \u2014 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043e\u044e, \u0456 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0456\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u0434\u044e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456\u043c\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u0430 \u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0456\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0442 \u0456 \u044f, \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u0456 (\u043e\u0431\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0445\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043a\u043e\u044e), \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0437\u0456\u0442\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043d\u043e\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u044e: \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0447\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0457\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0457\u0445 \u0443 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0456\u0432, \u0449\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0456, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0443, \u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0456\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_94800\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-94800\" style=\"width: 1410px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94800\" src=\"https:\/\/modelist-konstruktor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/1-30.webp\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.1. \u041a\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430\" width=\"1420\" height=\"1211\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-94800\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441. 1. \u041a\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430:<\/strong><br \/>1 \u2014 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430 \u00d812&#215;1); 2 \u2014 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0456\u0442 \u00d85); 3 \u2014 \u0433\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043a (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0456\u0442 \u00d85); 4 \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0456 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0456\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0456\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0456\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u2014 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0456\u0448\u043d\u0456\u043c \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c 12 \u043c\u043c. \u0406\u043d\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0456\u0430\u043b \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0456\u0442 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c 5 \u043c\u043c. \u0417\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456\u0454\u0457, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043e\u043a. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0456\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043d\u043e\u044e (\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0445\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u0457\u0457 \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435\u00bb), \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0456\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0432 \u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0456 \u0413-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443 \u2014 \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0456 \u0434\u0443\u0433\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0456 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0456\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0456\u0457 \u00ab\u0432\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u0437 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0456\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_94801\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-94801\" style=\"width: 1348px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94801\" src=\"https:\/\/modelist-konstruktor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/2-23.webp\" alt=\"\u0420\u0438\u0441.2. \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u2014 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441.1)\" width=\"1358\" height=\"1652\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-94801\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0420\u0438\u0441.2. \u0414\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0456\u0439 \u2014 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441. 1)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0456\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f. \u0412\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430. \u0413\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431 \u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0456 \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u00bb. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0448 \u043d\u0456\u0436 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0456, \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0456\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u043b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0456 \u0433\u043d\u0456\u0437\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043c, \u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u2014 \u0437\u043d\u044f\u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0456 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0445 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u0456 (\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0440\u0438), \u044f\u043a, \u0443\u0442\u0456\u043c, \u0456 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438. \u0412\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u0446\u0456 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0456 \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0443 5 \u043c\u043c. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0435\u0446\u044c \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0456\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0456\u0432 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u2019\u0457 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0456 \u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u0443\u0442 90 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0441\u0456\u0432. \u0422\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c 4 \u043c\u043c \u0456 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043a\u0440\u0456\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0443\u0440\u0443\u043f \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u044e \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u044e. \u041d\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0456\u043b\u0456\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443, \u0449\u043e\u0431 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0448\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0456\u0440 \u0443 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u0406\u0437 \u0446\u0456\u0454\u044e \u0436 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u0432\u0441\u0456\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0456\u0432. \u0406\u043d\u0448\u0456 \u0436 \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u043a\u0456\u043d\u0446\u0456 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434 \u043f\u0456\u0432\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0438 \u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0433\u043e\u043c (\u0457\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0456\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437\u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c) \u0456 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0456 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0456 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0438 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0438. \u0417\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0456 \u0448\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0440\u0456\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0456 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043d\u043a\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0438.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_94802\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-94802\" style=\"width: 1451px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94802\" src=\"https:\/\/modelist-konstruktor.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/3-20.webp\" alt=\"\u0414\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430 (\u0434\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441.2.)\" width=\"1461\" height=\"1101\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-94802\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><strong>\u0414\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0430 (\u0434\u043e \u0440\u0438\u0441. 2.)<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u041f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0456\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0432\u0456 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u043d\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u0443\u0441\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0456\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0456 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0442\u043b\u043e\u044e (\u0441\u0456\u0440\u043e\u044e) \u0491\u0440\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u044e. \u041f\u0456\u0441\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0448\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0444\u0430\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u043e\u044e \u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044e \u041f\u0424 (\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0439 \u041d\u0426), \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0436 \u0456\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0456\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0443\u0448\u0456\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0456 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0432 \u0457\u0445 \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0456 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0445 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0433.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0456\u043f\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u0442\u0430\u0448\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044c \u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0457 \u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0454 \u043c\u0456\u0441\u0446\u0435: \u043a\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0439\u043a\u043e\u044e, \u0430 \u0434\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u2014 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f, \u0449\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0456\u0434\u0432\u0456\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0431\u0456\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0430 8 \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044f. \u0410\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0456\u0431\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0443\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0457\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0456 \u0432\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0456 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0434\u043d\u0456.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/modelist-konstruktor.com\/zhurnaly\/modelist_konstruktor_2011_05\">\u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0456\u0441\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u00bb \u2116 5&#8217;2011<\/a>, \u0410. \u041c\u0410\u0422\u0412\u0406\u0419\u0427\u0423\u041a<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0443\u0445\u043d\u0456 \u0432 \u0431\u0456\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0456\u0432 \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0456. \u041d\u0430\u0431\u0456\u0440 \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0456\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0436 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0456 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0456 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u044f\u043a\u0449\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0410 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0430 \u0456\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0445\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0454 \u0441\u0442\u0456\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438, \u0449\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043c\u0456\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0448\u0430\u0444\u0430\u0445 \u0456 \u0442\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0454\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u043c\u0443 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